(tianqikeji(beijing)youxiangongsi,beijing 100081)
一、气象金融市场建立的重要性
tianqifengxianshiyingxiangjingjidezhongyaoyinsu,shijietianqifengxianguanlixiehuirenwei,muqianquanqiujingjide20%-30%zhijiebaoluyutianqifengxianzhixia。fanyadianjingguoshishijieshangqixiangzaihaizuiyanzhongdeguojiazhiyi,tianqifengxianduiguominjingjideyingxiangjuda。20shiji90niandaiyilai,fanyadianjingguomeinianyintianqizaihaizaochengdezhijiejingjisunshichixuchaoguo1000yiyuan。jin2008niannianchudenanfangbingdongzaihaiyixiangzaochengdezhijiejingjisunshijiugaoda1500duoyiyuan。dao2015nian,quannianfashengdeqixiangzaihaizaochengdesunshiyigaoda2500yiyuan,zhangeleizaihaisunshide92%,zaochengdezhijiejingjisunshiyuezhangdpde3%。zaiquanqiuqihouchixubiannuandedabeijingxia,geleijiduantianqiqihoushijiangengjiapinfan,tongshisuizhequanqiujingjitiliangdebuduanzengda,qixiangzaihaizaochengdesunshiheyingxiangbuduanjiazhong。
tianqifengxiantongshiyeshiqiyeshengchanjingyingzhongmianlindezhongyaofengxianzhiyi,duiqiyedejingyingxiaoyijiqiyedezhanlvemubiaozhiding、shishidouyouzhezhongyaoyingxiang。yixiangzhenduimeiguo200gegongyongshiyeqiyejinxingdediaochaxianshi,80%deqiyejiangtianqizuoweiyingxiangqiyingyuzhuangkuangdezhongyaoyinsu,50%deqiyerenweibulitianqiyingxiangleqiyeyeji。tianqifengxianduiqiyeyingyuhexianjinliudechongjizaiyu,tianqibianhuajianggaibianqiyedeyonghuxuqiu,zheishiyigeyuxuqiuliangshuipingyouguandegainian,jijiaoyiliangfengxian。biru,nuandongjiangdilequnuanyongtianranqihedianlixuqiu,youbaogaozhichu,shounuandongyingxiang,meiguoyixietianranqigongsidangjishourujianshaoda15%。chunengyuanqiyewai,duitianqimingandexingyehaibaokuonongye、yuleye、jianzhuyehelvyouyedeng,tianqibianhuazhijieyingxianglezheixiexingyedejingyingguimoheshouyi。
weilejiejuetianqifengxianduiguominjingjifazhan、qiyejingying、nongyeshengchandengfangmiandezhongdayingxiang,juecezhezailishishangcaiquleduozhongzhanlveheduicelaiguanlitianqifengxian,fangshikeyifenweisandalei,jifengxianxiaojian、fengxianzhuanyihefengxianbaoliu。yizhishuweijichudefengxianzhuanyichanpin(index-based risk-transfer products)zhengshiyizhongyouxiaodezhuanyiyanzhongtianqishijianfengxiandechuangxinxingchanpin。
yizhishuweijichudefengxianzhuanyichanpinkefenweizhishubaoxianchanpinhezhishuyanshengpinchanpin,zuoweizhongyaodetianqifengxianguanlijinronggongju,yuzhipipeidetianqizhishubaoxianzhiduyutianqiyanshengpinshichangkuaisufazhanchengshu,zheiliangzhongzhiduhuxiangyicun,gongtongfendanguominjingjiyunxing、nongyeshengchan、qiyejingyingdengguochengzhongdetianqifengxian,diandinglexiandaiqixiangjinrongshichangfazhandejishi。
二、国际上天气指数保险的实践与发展
tianqizhishubaoxiandegainianzuizaochuxianzai20shiji90niandaihouqi,youyubaoxianzhiduduizhengfujueceheshehuiwendingyunxingdezhongyaoxing,tianqizhishubaoxianzuizaobeidaguimoyingyongzaiyutianqiqiangxiangguandenongyelingyuheduitianqimingandeshangyelingyu。suizhefadaguojiabaoxianzhidudewanshanhefazhan,tianqizhishubaoxianyemanmanshentoudaorenmendeyishizhuxinggelingyu。baoxiangongsibatianqiyinsuduixingyesunhaichengdujinxingzhishuhua,meigezhishujunyouduiyingdexingyesunyi,baoxianhetongyicizhishuweijichu,dangzhishudadaoyidingshuipingshiyoubaoxiangongsixiangtoubaorenjinxingpeifu。youyuchuantongnongyetianqifengxianguanligongjucunzaijiaogaodedaodefengxianhenixiangxuanzekenengxing,tianqizhishubaoxianzuoweichuantongnongyebaoxiandetidaipinriyishoudaozhengfuzhongshi。
泛亚电竞 fadaguojiayouyubaoxianzhidufada,tianqizhishubaoxiankaizhandeyebijiaozao。ribenshizuizaokaizhantianqizhishubaoxiandeguojia,1999nian,ribensanjingzhuyoubaoxiangongsishoucichushoutianqizhishubaoxian。suizhetianqizhishubaoxianzhidudewanshan,yougengduoderibenbaoxiangongsicanyudaotianqizhishubaoxianjingyinghuodongzhong。2000-2013nian,ribentianqizhishubaoxianshichangguimomeinianzengzhangsududadaole20%。dazangshengyujinrongjianshitingzai2013nian11yuefabudetongjishujuxianshi,tianqizhishubaoxianshichangzongeyijingtupole1000yiriyuan,qizhongzuijudaibiaoxingdebaoxianchanpinweisanjingzhuyoubaoxiangongsituichude“yinghuaxian”。zairiben,meinianguanshangyinghuashiribenrenzuiweizhongshideyigehuodongzhiyi,sanjingzhuyoubaoxiangongsiweituoqixiangzhuanjiazonghekaochaleribenjin30nianyinghuakaifangguilv,zaijiehedangnianwendubianhuaqingkuangjirizhaoshizhangdengtiaojian,fenxizheixieyinsuduiyinghuakaifangdeyingxiang,bingzaicijichushangyuceyinghuakaifangdeshijian。toubaodelvxingshe、xiuxianyulechangsuoyijiqitakehukeyigenjubaoxiangongsideyuceanpaixiangguanricheng,ruguoyinghuakaifangshijianyuyucebufu,kehujikehuoqupeichang。
yingguozuizaodetianqizhishubaoxianweijiangyuzhishubaoxian。yingguobaoxiangongsiyuqixiangbumenhezuo,duiyingguogedidejiangyuliangjinxingfenxi,huizhichengyingguoquanguonianheyuepingjunyuliangtu,zuoweizhidingbaoxianfeilvdeyiju,bingjiangquanguohuafenwei2000gebutongdengjidebaoxianfeilvqu,toubaorenzaiyudaojiangyushijikeanzhaosuozaidiqudefeilvhuodepeichang。rujin,tianqizhishubaoxianyijingjinruyingguorenshenghuozhongdegegelingyu,fanshiyuqihouyouguandehuwaihuodong,zhurugaoerfuqiusai、huahuizhanlan、guaguojie、waichulvyoudeng,renmendaduodouhuiyuxiangoumaitianqixian。
zaixibanyayigejiaotaiyanghaiandelvyoushengdi,dangdidebaoxiangongsikaifaleyikuanmingweiyangguangbaoxiandetianqizhishubaoxianchanpin。qibaoxianneirongshi: youkeruozaitaiyanghaian21tiandeyouwanzhong,you4gebaitianxiayu,zebaoxiangongsipeichangbeibaoxianren3zhoukaixiaodeyibanfeiyong;ruguoyudao7tianxiayu,zepeichangqiquanbufeiyong。
泛亚电竞 tongshi,yuelaiyueduodezhishuhuafengxianzhuanyichanpinzaiweifazhanzhongguojiadenongyetigongfanyadianjing。qizhong,shijieyinxing(world bank)shibatianqizhishubaoxianyingyongyujiejuenongyefengxianwentidechangdaozhe,qiweifazhanzhongguojiayixiliejiyutianqizhishudeweixingbaoxian(wibm)tigongzijinzhichi,yongyiceshiyijiangshuiliangzhishubaoxianweizhudexiangmuyunxingqingkuang。chushijieyinxingwai,guojinongyefazhanjijin(ifad)、lianheguoshijieliangshijihuashu(wfp)dengguojizuzhiyefeichangzhongshiqixiangzhishubaoxianzainongyezhongdeyingyong。
yinduyu1999nianzaishijieyinxinghelianheguoliangnongzuzhidezhichixia,kaishizaiquanguotuixingnongyebaoxianjihua(nais)。zi2003niankaishi,shidiantuixingtianqizhishunongyebaoxianxiangmu,yunxuyindunongyehezuosheheyindugongyexindaitouziyinxingtongguonongcunshangyeyinxing、nongyexindaiyinxingzaicunzhendefenzhijigouxiangnonghutigongtianqizhishubaoxianhetong。2010nian,zaishijieyinxingdezhijiezhichixia,yindunongyebaoxiangongsi(aic)kaifaleduozhongshiyiyindunongyedetianqizhishubaoxianchanpin,gaijinleyuanyoudenaisjihua,xingchenglexindenongyetianqibaoxianjihua(wbcis)。aiccong2010niankaishixiaoshouwbcisjihua,2010nianzaiquanguogongqiandingle13wanfenbaodan,chengbaonongzuowumianjidadaole10.67wangongqing;dao2013nian,chengbaonongzuowumianjidaoda93.33wangongqing,gongxiaoshoubaodan103.8wanfen,shouqubaofeizongedadao15.6yilubu,chengbaozongjinedadaole190.6yilubu,gongpeifu10yilubu,peifulvchaoguo70%。yindunongyebaoxiangongsizaitianqizhishubaoxianshangshixianyingli,yinglibilichaoguochuantongdenaisjihua。
三、国际上天气衍生品市场的实践与发展
泛亚电竞 (yi)tianqiyanshengpindeguojishichangshijian
泛亚电竞 tianqiyanshengpinzuizaochanshengyu1997niandemeiguonengyuanxingye,gainiandeeerninuoxianxianghuanxinglemeiguodaxingnengyuangongsiduitianqifengxianderenzhi,caiquleyixieyingduitianqifengxiandechuangxinjucuo。gainianqiutian,keshigongye(koch industries)yuanrangongsi(enron corporation)shouchuanglezhizaizhuanyitianqifengxiandejiaoyi,biaozhizhetianqiyanshengpinshichangdedansheng。
泛亚电竞 suizhetianqiyanshengpinjiaoyichengxianpengbofazhan,shenzhizaijiejueshichangweisuohuofayushouzufangmiandoufahuilejudazuoyong。jianadaxuedimotuocheshengchanshangbombardiergongsizaixiaoshouxuedimotuoguochengzhongfaxianyixiekehudanxintianqibianhua,wangwangdengdaoxiadaxuezhihouzaigoumaixuedimotuo,congeryingxiangleshichangkuozhang。yushibombardierzaidongjilailinzhiqianzaimeiguozhongxibude16gechengshitiqianxiaoshouxuedimotuo,binghexiaofeizheyuedingruguodongjijiangxueliangbudaodangdiguoqu3nianpingjunjiangxueliangdeyiban,goumailexuedimotuodexiaofeizhekeyinahui1000meiyuan。weilefendanfengxian,bombardierheanrangongsiyueding,meimaichuyitaixuedimotuojiuxianganrangongsizhifuyibifeiyong,tongshianrangongsichengnuozaijiangxueliangbuzuguoqu3nianpingjunshuipingdeyibanshi,xianggoumailebombardiergongsishengchandexuedimotuokehuzhifu1000meiyuan。tongguozheiyijiaoyibombardiergongsidangnianxiaoshouezengzhangle38%,tongguozhuanyitianqifengxian,zengjialexiaoliangheyingli、kuodaleshichang,xingchengleshifanxiaoying,xiyinqitagongsihejigouyekaishijijijierutianqifengxianjiaoyizhonglai。
泛亚电竞 shichangjianlichuqi,tianqiyanshengpinshiyichangwaiyiduiyijutaijiaoyi(otc)xingshijinxingde,suizheshichangdexunsukuoda,jiaoyizhecunzaizhejiangdijiaoyichengben、tigaoliudongxinghejiangdixinyongfengxiandengfangmiansuqiu,zheishideduitianqiyanshengpinzaijiaoyisuoyibiaozhunhuaheyuexingshijinxingjiaoyidexuqiuriyizengzhang。yushi,1999nian9yue,meiguozhijiageshangpinjiaoyisuo(cme)lvxiantuichulebiaozhunhuadetianqiyanshengpinjiaoyi,cihou,lundunguojiajinrongqihuojiaoyisuo(liffe)、fenlanheerxinjijiaoyisuodengluxukaishiguapaijiaoyitianqiyanshengpin,tianqiyanshengpindejiaoyifangshizhubucongchangwaijiaoyifazhandaochangneijiaoyi。
suizhechangneijiaoyidexingqi,tianqiyanshengpinshichangguimohuodelejidadefazhan。2001-2006nian,tianqiyanshengpinshichangguimochengzhuniandizengdequshi。youqishi2006nian,youyuyinxing、zaibaoxiangongsihejijingongsidengjinrongjigoujinrushichang,shideshichangguimokongqiantigao,gaoda452yimeiyuan。dan2007nian,shoumeiguocidaiweijideyingxiang,qishichangjiaoyixiajiangleyibanyishang。yucitongshi,shichangjiaoyidebodongxingyexiangyingzengda,you2007niande192yimeiyuanshangshengwei2008niande320yimeiyuan,dan2009nianquezaicijiangwei151yimeiyuan。
泛亚电竞 tu1 2001-2009nianquanqiutianqiyanshengpinshichangjiaoyizongliang
(资料来源:泛亚电竞_泛亚电竞注册-官网APP下载
genjushijietianqifengxianguanlixiehui(wrma)tongji,2000nianyilai,tianqiyanshengpinjiaoyishuechu2007nianhe2009nianyousuoxiajiangyiwaiyizhichengzengzhangqushi,nianpingjunzengzhanglvdadaole3.2%zuoyou,jiezhi2013nian,quanqiutianqiyanshengpinshichangzhangmujiaoyizongeyijingtupole520yimeiyuan。meiguozhijiageshangpinjiaoyisuoxuanbu,2014nian1-3yuezaicmejiaoyidetianqiyanshengpinqihuoyuqiquanheyuezongliangyijingchaoguole2013nianquannianzonghe,dadaole1122511bi,2013nianquannianchengjiaoliangwei1104589bi,zengzhangxunmeng。
泛亚电竞 qiyuanyunengyuanbumendetianqiyanshengpinshichang,xianyifazhanchengweihangaiduozhongxingyedeshichang。muqiandeshichangcanyuzhezhuyaoyoutuidongzhe(baokuozaibaoxiangongsi、touziyinxing、duichongjijinhenengyuangongsi)hezhongduanyonghu(rulingshou、xiuxian、jianzhuxingyedegongsi)。xuqiufangyoutianqifengxiandetaoqibaozhizhehetoujizhe,taoqibaozhizhedaduolaiziduotianqifengxianmingandenongye、nengyuan、jiaotongdengxingye,keliyongtianqiyanshengpinlaiduichonghuopinghuamianlindetianqifengxian;toujizhezeliyongtianqiyanshengpinlaiyouhuaqizichanzuhejiegou,baohanjijin、yinxing、baoxiangongsihezaibaoxiangongsidengjinrongjigou。tianqiyanshengpindegongjifangzhuyaobaokuohunyejingyinggongsi、yinxing、jiaoyijingjirenhefuzhujigou。
泛亚电竞 tu2 tianqiyanshengpinjiaoyishichangcanyuzhefenbuqingkuang
泛亚电竞 tianqiyanshengpinshichangdekuaisufazhandeyiyusangeyinsudetuidong: (1)zibenshichangyubaoxianshichangdejiehe。youyutianqifengxianyujinrongshichangfengxiandexiangguanxinghendi,touzitianqiyanshengpinyouliyufensanfengxian。(2)biaozhunhuadechangneijiaoyi。1999niantianqiyanshengpinkaishijinxingguifanhuachangneijiaoyijidacujinleshichangjiaoyiguimo。(3)qihoubiannuan、tanpaifangyijitanjiaoyidengyuelaiyuechengweiquanqiujingjijiaodian,zheixieyeweishichangfazhanzengtianledongli。
(er)tianqiyanshengchanpindezhonglei
tianqiyanshengchanpinzhongleifanduo,baokuotianqiqihuo、tianqiqiquan、tianqihuhuanhetaobaoqiquandeng,muqianshichangshangjiaoyizuiguangfandepinzhongshitianqiqihuohetianqiqiquan,fengxianleixingzhuyaohaishiyimeiguowenduzhishuweibiaodedeqiwenheyue(zhirerizhishuhddhezhilengrizhishucdd)weizhu,danshijinnianlai,ouzhoushuangdongzhishu(mfdf)、ouzhoujijiexingshuangdongzhishu(sfdf)、meiguoyuedujiangxuezhishu(msif)、jijiexingjiangxuezhishu(sssif)、jufengzhishu(chi)dengqihuoheqiquanheyueyeyuelaiyueduo。ciwai,haiyouyixiefazhanzhongguojiadetianqizhishuheyueyezhujianxingqi。
1.tianqiqihuo
tianqiqihuozhong,jiaoyibiaodewushijiyutianqizhishudehuobijiazhi,erfeitianqizhishubenshen,heyuetongguoxianjinjiaogejiesuan。zaijiaoyisuojiaoyideheyuedoushibiaozhunhuaheyue,qixianyibanwei1geyue,danjiujutiqihuozhongleieryan,qijiage、jiaoyifangshihejiaogeriqi、zhishulaiyuandizegeyouchayi。
yiwenduzhishuqihuoweili,xiajidianlixiaohaoliangyuwenduyoumiqiedeguanxi,ruoxiajiwendudi,juminjiqiyetongguokongdiaojiangwendexuqiujiuhuimingxianxiajiang,dianlixiaohaoliangyehuixiangyingjianshao。dianliqiyekeyitongguowenduzhishuqihuoguibiliangxiadailaidexiaoshouliangjiangdifengxian,biru,moudianliqiyemeinian8yuefenpingjundianlixiaoshouliangyuewei2000wanqianwashi,youyujinnianxiajiqiwendiyuzhengchangshuiping,qi8yuefendianlixiaoshouliangbipingjunshuipingjiangdile10%,anzhao0.25yuan/qianwashidechuchangjiajisuan,yuesunshi50wanyuan,gaidianliqiyetiqianzaiqihuoshichangzhongyi51.50dedianweimaichuwenduzhishuqihuoheyue500shou,youyushijiwendudiyupingjunshuiping,yinciwenduzhishuqihuoyechengxiadiezoushi,dianliqiyeyu50.40dedianweipingcang,gonghuoli550000yuan(wenduzhishuqihuoheyuechengshuwei1000),wanquanmibulexianhuoshichangdekuisunbinghuoli。
2.tianqiqiquan
泛亚电竞 tianqiqiquanshiyizhongqihuoqiquan,biaoshitouzizhezaiweilaimouyiriqimaimaimouyigetianqiqihuoheyue,baokuokanzhangqiquanhekandieqiquanliangzhong。kanzhangqiquankeyishifengxianbaoluzhetongguomairuqiquanerhuodedeshourubufenhuoquanbumibuyinjiduanrelengtianqiyinsuzaochengdejingjisunshi。kandieqiquankeyishishichangtoujizheyutaoqibaozhizhehuoqukenengdeewaishouyi。
2006nian,shijieliangshijihuashugoumaileyifenleijijiangyukanzhangqiquanheyueyonglaichoujiyingjifeiyongyiyingduiganhanduiaisaiebiyanongzuowudeyingxiang,heyueqixianweiweilaide3-10geyue,heyuebiaodezhishuweijiyufenbuzaiaisaiebiya26geqixiangguancezhandianqixiangshujuzhuanhuandeyilanzishuifenxiepozhishu。ruguonongzuowudeshuifenxiepozhishugaoyuyuedingshuiping,neimebiaoshiheyueqijiantianqishiganhande,shijieliangshijihuashujiuhuixuanzexingquan,tongguozheizhongfangshinenggoushixianyingjizijinxunsudaowei,youliyujishiduiaisaiebiyajinxingyuanzhu;ruguoshuifenxiepozhishudiyuyuedingshuiping,neijiubiaoshiheyueqijiantianqibushiganhande,shijieliangshijihuashujiuhuifangqixingquan。zuizhong2006nianaisaiebiyadejiangshuilianggaoyulishipingjunshuiping,yincishijieliangshijihuashumeiyouxuanzexingquan,jiangshuizhishuqiquandechenggongyingyongweijianlitianqifengxianguibijizhitigonglehenhaodejiejianyiyi。
泛亚电竞 3.tianqihuhuan
泛亚电竞 tianqihuhuanshizhiyuedinglianggerenhuolianggeyishangdangshiren,anzhaoshixianyueding,zaiguidingdeshijiannei,jinxingyixiliexianjinliujiaohuan,congerjiaohuanfengxiandeheyue。tianqihuhuanzuoweiyizhongjinrongyanshenggongju,yibanzaichangwaijiaoyi,jutijiaoqianglinghuoxing。
泛亚电竞 jiujutiqihoufengxianeryan,tianqihuhuandeshuangfangsuomianlindemouzhongfengxian,tayinqidejieguojuyoufanxiangxiangguanxing,jizheizhongfengxianduiyifangeryanshiyoulide,duilingyifangzehuidailaisunshi。ruxiajijiangshuiguoduoyouliyushuilifadianqiye,quehuishikanghongyalizengda,zengjiazhengfucaizhengfudan。yinci,keyitongguotianqihuhuanheyue,jianghuhuanshuangfangdeshouruwendingzaitedingshuiping,guibiqihoufengxian。
4.taobaoqiquan
taobaoqiquanshizhangqikandieqiquanheduanqikanzhangqiquan(huoxiangfan)xiangjiehedetianqiyanshengchanpin,liyongtaobaoqiquanmaiquanhemaiquandetongshishiyong,kejianggongsishouruwendingzaitedingfanweinei,congerdadaoguibitianqifengxianzuoyong。
四、中国气象金融市场发展现状及存在问题
tianqizhishubaoxianjitianqiyanshengpinzhidushiyizhongxinxingdejinrongzhidu,zaiguowaifadaguojiafazhandelishibijiaoduanzan,duizhongguoeryan,jibenhaishichuzaiduijutitianqizhishubaoxianchanpinhuotianqiyanshengchanpindeshidianshiyandechubufazhanjieduan,shichangchengshuchengduyuanyuanbugou,yincijixudalifazhanzheiliangzhongxinxingtianqifengxianguanlijinronggongju,tuidongtianqizhishubaoxianzhidujitianqiyanshengpinshichangdejianlihewanshan,weizhongguonongye、shangyejigerentianqifengxianguanlixuqiutigongbaozhang。
(yi)zhongguotianqizhishubaoxianzhidudefazhanxianzhuangjicunzaidewenti
泛亚电竞 1.zhongguotianqizhishubaoxianzhidudefazhanxianzhuang
泛亚电竞 fanyadianjingguohenzaojikaishileduitianqizhishubaoxianyingyongdetansuoheshidiangongzuo,2007nian6yue,nongyebu、guojinongyefazhanjijinhelianheguoshijieliangshijihuashudengjigou,zaibeijinggongtongshangtaokaizhannongcuncuiruodiqutianqizhishunongyebaoxiandehezuo,zhizaitigaozhongguoxiaoxingnonghuyingduizaihaifengxiandenengli。2008nian4yue,nongyebudaibiaozhongguozhengfuyushijieliangshijihuashu、guojinongyefazhanjijinhuiqianshule“nongyetianqizhishunongyebaoxianhezuobeiwanglu”,jihua2-3nianneizaianhuishengzhangfengxianshidiantianqizhishubaoxianchanpin。cong2008nian4yuekaishi,anhuiguoyuannongyebaoxiangongsizainongyebu、shijieliangshijihuashu、guojinongyefazhanjijinhuihezhongguonongyekexueyuandengjigoudezhichixia,yanfashejinongyetianqizhishubaoxianchanpin。dao2009nian1yuekaifachuyizhangfengxianweiyangbendeshuidaozhongzhitianqizhishubaoxianchanpin,5yuefenshunlitongguolebaojianhuibeianshencha。zheikuanshidianchanpinzhuyaoshejileleijijiangshuiliangzhishu、leijiwenduzhishu、leijiganhanpinlvzhishu3gefengxianzhishu,quelilexiangguandetianqizhishuhetongneirong。2009nian6yuefen,anhuiguoyuannongyebaoxiangongsiyuzhangfengxianshuihuzhen482hunongminqiandingleyue84.67gongqing、baoxianjinewei39wanyuandeshuidaozhongzhitianqizhishubaoxianhetong,zheibiaozhizhefanyadianjingguozaitianqizhishubaoxianshangdeshijiantansuozhengshikaizhan。
泛亚电竞 cong2009niandikaishizhijin,zhongguoyouxianhouyoulefujiantaifengqixiangzhishubaoxian、zhejiangshuidaotianqizhishubaoxian、guangzhouxiangjiaoganzhefenglizhishubaoxian、shanghaitianguameiyuzhishubaoxiandengduogenongyetianqizhishubaoxianchanpindeshidianhetuiguang。2014nian8yue13ri,guowuyuanchutaile《guanyujiakuaifazhanxiandaibaoxianfanyadianjingyederuoganyijian》,tichu“jiangbaoxiannaruzaihaishigufangfanjiuzhutixi”、“tansuotianqizhishubaoxiandengxinxingchanpinhefanyadianjing”、“jianlijuzaibaoxianzhidu”deng,congbaozhangshehuiminshengdezhanlvegaoduquedinglejuzaibaoxianhetianqizhishubaoxiandediweihezuoyong。
tianqizhishubaoxianzainongyelingyuneidepengbofazhanyinqilezhongguobaoxianyejiedezhongshi,cong2013niankaishizhenduigerenshenghuolingyudetianqizhishubaoxianyingyunersheng。2013nian,anliancaixiangongsiyutaobaobaoxiangongtongtuichuguoneidiyikuantianqileibaoxianchanpin——“zhongqiushangyuexian”,cikuanbaoxianyuedingzai2013nian9yue19rizhongqiujiedangtian20shi-24shi,toubaorensuozaishangyuechengshiyintianqiyuanyin(yintianhuoxiayu)bubianshangyue,baoxiangongsixiangtoubaorenzhifushangyuebubianjintie。youyucikuantianqibaoxianweiduitianqijinxingzhishuhua,erqieyushangyueyouguandexinxijinshibeifangzai“fujiabaoxianzeren”,qi“zhubaoxianzeren”rengweizhongqiujiedangtianderenshenyiwaixian,suoyijinbeikanzuoshiyiciduitianqizhishubaoxiandechangshi。
2014nian5yue23ri,tianqikeji(beijing)youxiangongsilianhezhongguozuidadehulianwangbaoxiangongsizhonganbaoxiantuichulezhongguoshoukuanmianxianggerendetianqizhishuleibaoxianchanpin“37℃gaowenxian”,fugaiguonei30gezhuyaochengshi,baokuonanjing、nanchang、zhongqing、wuhan、hangzhou、fuzhoudengxinlao“sidahuolu”chengshi。gaowenxianmeifenbaodanbaofeiwei10yuan,xiangou99fen。gaichanpintoubaochenggonghou,zai2014nian6yue21ri-8yue23riqijian,ruotoubaorensuozaichengshichuxian37℃jiyishangdegaowenri,yidangaowenleijitianshuchaoguoyuedingdemianzetianshu,zekeyihuodegaowenjintiebuchang。chaoguomianpeitianshuhoumeifashengyici37℃yishangdegaowenri,toubaorenjikemeirilingqu5yuan/fendegaowenjintie,meifenbaodanzuiduokeleijilingqu100yuandebaoxianjin。zhonganbaoxiangenjutianqikeji(beijing)youxiangongsitigongdegechengshishijiqiwenshujuzidongjisuan,zaifuhelipeitiaojianshianrijishizhifubaoxianjin,quanchengtoubaorenwuxutigongrenheziliao。
泛亚电竞 yihangzhouweili,ruohua10yuangoumaileyifen“37℃gaowenxian”,anzhaobaoxianhetongyueding,gaichengshidemianpeitianshuwei25tian。neimezai2014nian6yue21ri-8yue23ridebaoxianshengxiaoqijian,ruohangzhouleijichuxianle25tian≥37℃degaowenri,zetoubaorenkeyicongdi26ge≥37℃degaowenrikaishilingqubaoxianjintie,meitian5yuan,zuigaolingqujineshangxianwei100yuan,jizuiduokelingqu20tian。rubaoxianqixiannei,hangzhouleijichuxian≥37℃degaowenrizhiyou25tian,zezaimianpeitianshunei,buyupeifu。
suihou,tianqikeji(beijing)youxiangongsiyoulianhezhonganbaoxian、yianbaoxiantuichumianxiangxiechengwangyonghudelvyoujiangyutianqizhishubaoxian、mianxiangmeidekongdiaodegaowenxian、mianxiangguojiadianwangdedianfeigaowenbutiehemianxiangdishinidelvyouhaoxinqingxiandengduokuantianqizhishubaoxianchanpin。yidishinilvyouhaoxinqingxianweili,youkezhixuhuafei25yuangoumai,buxuyaotigongrenhelipeizhengming,zaishanghaidishiniyouyuanshiyushanggaowen、dayudengbubianqingkuangshi,jiunenghuodebuchang。youkezaiyouyuandangriyudaodayu,jikehuode100yuanbuchang;youyuandangriqiwengaoyuhuodengyu37℃,yekehuode50yuandebuchang。tianqikeji(beijing)youxiangongsilianhebaoxiangongsiyizaiwendu、jiangshuidengduogeweiduweiqiyehuogerentigongtianqifengxianguanlifanyadianjing,junqudelelianghaodeshehuifanxianghejingjixiaoyi。
2.zhongguotianqizhishubaoxianzhiduzhongcunzaidewenti
泛亚电竞 suiranruci,cong2009nianzhijin,zhongguotianqizhishubaoxianzaiguoneidefazhanrengcunzaiyixiewenti: (1)duoshutianqizhishubaoxianjuncaiyongjititoubaofangshi,nongminshouzhongmeiyoubaodan,duibaoxianneirongbulejie,duitianqizhishubaoxiandeyiyijiyunzuofangshijibenshangchuyubuzhiqingzhuangkuang。(2)tianqizhishubaoxianzaizhongguoganggangqibu,nongyebaoxiangongsishouqubaofeihepeifushuipingjunpiandi,hennanmanzuqixiangzaihaihoudepeifuxuqiu。(3)muqiandetianqizhishubaoxianrengyizhishuhuadenongzuowuchanliangweibaozhangbiaodewu,erchanliangyutianqizhishudeguanxijiweifuza,zheijiudaozhiyikuantianqizhishubaoxianchanpindeyanjiukaifahaoshijizhang,guanximoxingdezhunquexingyeyoudaikaozheng,yuanburuyinongshihuodongweibaozhangbiaodewudetianqizhishubaoxianchanpinlinghuo,biruzaishougedeshihoufashenglianxuxingjiangshuishibiyingxiangnongzuowuchanliang。(4)tianqizhishubaoxianshiyizhongzhuanyexingjigaodebaoxianchanpin,duitianqishujushoujichulidejishushuipingyaoqiuhengao,yibandenongyebaoxiangongsimeiyouzheiyangdejishunengli,buliyutianqizhishubaoxiandefazhan。(5)zhenduigerenhuoqiyedetianqizhishubaoxianshuyuxinshengshiwu,shichangjieshoudubugao,rengxushijiankaizhanshichangtuiguanghexuanchuan。
泛亚电竞 (er)zhongguotianqiyanshengpinshichangdefazhanxianzhuang
xiangjiaotianqizhishubaoxianzaiguoneidetansuo,zhongguotianqiyanshengpinshichanghaiweijianliqilai,duitianqiyanshenggongjudelejieheyingyongshangchuzaiqibujieduan。cong2002niankaishi,tianqikeji(beijing)youxiangongsiyudalianshangpinjiaoyisuokaishiduitianqiyanshengchanpinjinxingyanjiu,congnongyeshengchan、renkoushuliangmidu、dianlijitianranqixiaohaoliangdengzhuduojiaodujinxingyanfasheji,xuanqufenxijin70gechengshijin30niandewendubianhuatezhengjijiangshui、shuangdongqingkuang,weitianqiqihuoheyueshejitigongkekaoyiju,bingchubushejiletianqiyanshengpinzhongheyue。suihou,2009nianshanghaiqihuojiaoyisuo、zhengzhoushangpinjiaoyisuoyijizhongguojinrongqihuojiaoyisuoyefenbietuichulegezidetianqiyanshengpinheyue。zhici,zhongguotianqiyanshengpinshichangjizhiduchubuxingcheng,danshiyouyuxianjieduanguoneideqihuoshichangyaoqiushiwujiaoge,buyunxuxianjinjiaoge,yinweiyutianqiyanshengpinxiangpeitaodefalvfaguihezhiduhaiweiluodi,yinweimuqianguoneidetianqiyanshengpinshichanghaiyuanweichengshu。
五、中国气象金融市场发展建议
泛亚电竞 qixiangjinrongshichangzaifadaguojiajiyixiefazhanzhongguojiafensantianqifengxianfangmianqidaolejidadezuoyong,shitianqifengxianguanlideyizhongquanxinfazhanfangxiang。tianqizhishubaoxianchanpinyinqichengbenjiaodi、heyuezhouqiduan,zaifazhanzhongguojiayouzhejudadeshichangqianli。guowaidetianqizhishubaoxianjingguoshiyuniandefazhan,youyitaoxiangduichengshudejingyanyuyunzuomoshizhidejiejian。ertianqiyanshengpinjikeyiweinongyeshengchanzhefendanyinweitianqiyinsudailaidefengxian,yekeyiweibaoxiangongsifendanqizishenjingyingfengxian。
suizheguoneishehuihejingjifazhan,nongye、qiyeshenzhigerenduitianqifengxianguanlixuqiuriyifangdahepoqie,zheijiuyaoqiuguoneiqixiangbumengengyingchongfenfahuizaiqixiangziyuandezhudaodiwei,dajianbingwanshanzhongguoqixiangjinrongshichangdejichuyunxinghuanjing,yimanzuqixiangjinrongshichanggecanyuzhedexuqiu。
1. zhubuwanshanqixiangjianceyujingtixiyuqixiangdashujugongxiangpingtai
tianqizhishubaoxianhetianqiyanshengpindejichushiqixiangdashuju,zhangshijianxuliedeqixianglishishujuhezhenduiweilaideyujingyubaoshujushilianghuatianqifengxiandezhongyaozhibiao。buduanwanshanqixiangguanceheshujushoujitixi,jianliqixiangdashujugongkaijizhi,pochuduofangjichuhuanjingshujuxinxibilei,diaodongqixiangjinrongshichangcanyuzhedejijixing,cainengchongfenwajueqixiangdashujuzaiqixiangjinronglingyuneidejiazhi,weiqixiangjinrongshichangdezhangyuanfazhanchuangjianlianghaodewaibuhuanjing。
2. chanyanjiehe,zhubupanhuoshifangchengshudeqixianglilunheqixiangjishu
tianqizhishubaoxianchanpinhetianqiyanshengpindeyanfayilaiyuhangaiduozhongqixiangzhibiaodezonghezhishumoxingdejianli,zheiduiqixianglilun、qixiangkexuefangfa、xianjinqixiangjishudefazhanheyingyongtichulejigaodeyaoqiu。qixiangbumenyingcaiyongchanyanjiehedefangshi,jijipanhuobingxiangshichangshifangshushinianjileidechengshulilun、fangfahejishuziyuan,cujinqixianglilun、qixiangjishudechengguozhuanhua,shixianqixiangziyuandekuaxingyezailiyong。yitianqizhishubaoxianweili,ruhejiangdijichafengxianshidangxiaxuyaojiejuedezhongdianwenti,jimouquyuzaoshoutongyangdezaihai,youdenonghushouzaiyanzhongquemeiyoudedaopeichang,youdenonghumeiyoushouzaiquededaolepeichang,zheizhongxianxiangyuqixiangguancezhanmiduyouguan。ruguotoubaozuowushizhangzaimoushanqudeguoshu,meizaiqixiangzhandefushefanweinei,yidanyushangbingbao、dafengdengjudixingtianqiguocheng,qixiangshujuwufatongguoqixiangzhanbeijiance、jiluxialai,jichafengxianjiujiaogao。jiyuzheizhongxianshiqingkuang,shifoukeyijiezhuqixiangkexuelilunfangfaduiqixiangguanceshujujinxingwanggediantuisuan,zaibuzengjiazhandiandeqingkuangxia,genjumouquyusuochujingdu、weidu、haibagaodu、rizhaoshishudenglaikexuetuisuanqiwendu,jinergoujianqixiangzhishu。
3. jijicanyuqixiangjinrongshichangbiaozhunzhidinggongzuo
泛亚电竞 chongfenfahuishichangxiehuidefanyadianjingzhinengjixiediaonengli,zhudaoqixiangjichushujushiyongbiaozhunhuoxingyebiaozhunguifandezhidinggongzuo,zhengqueyindaoqixiangjinrongshichangcanyuzheduiqixiangziyuanderenzhiheshiyong,birutianqizhishubaoxianchanpinhepeisuoxudeguanceshuju,jiuyinggenjuqixiangguancezhandiandeshujuzhiliangjinxingfenjituijianhuoxianding,yibiantianqizhishubaoxianhuoyanshengpindeshejizhehegoumaizhegenghaodilijieheyingyong。tongshiweilegenghaodifahuiqixiangziyuanzaijinrongxingyedekuaxingyeyingyong,jijicanyujinronglingyuneitianqixiangguanbiaozhundezhidinggongzuo,guifanqixiangjinrongshichangzhongdetianqizhishuchanpin,weihuqixiangjinrongshichangjiankangyunzhuan。
4. tuijinqixiangjinrongshichangfazhanpeitaozhidudefanyadianjing
chutaixiangguanzhengcefaguiyicujinqixiangjinrongshichangdefazhanhewanshan,peiyunengyuanqiye、lvyouqiye、jianzhuqiye、jiaotongyunshudengqiyeyijinongmintongguoqixiangjinrongshichangguibitianqifengxiandeyishi,gulitianqizhishubaoxianhuotianqiyanshengpinshichangdekaifahesheji。